DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
1. Exposure
In photography, exposure is the amount of light that reaches your camera sensor or film. When you shoot a perfectly exposed photo, you are capturing all the details in the highlights and the Shadows.
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Fig 1.1 Exposure, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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When the camera sensor doesn't receive enough light is called underexposure. We can also say "crushed shadows" or we "crushed the blacks," and we have no information in the darkest areas of the Image.
On the flip side when the sensor captures too much light, it is called overexposure. We can also say "blown out highlights" or "burned out highlights," and we have no information in the brightest areas of the image.
Exposure value is the result of the interaction of the three main exposure basics: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.
The aaperture is the opening that determines how much light passes through the camera lens to the sensor. If you use a wider aperture, the camera lens will allow more light to reach the camera, and the image will be brighter (more exposed). If you close down your aperture, the image will be darker (less exposed).
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Fig 1.2 Aperture, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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Depth of field is another effect of the aperture. The greater the aperture, the smaller the focused area will be, while by using narrower apertures, you'll have a bigger area in focus.
Shutter speed is the length of time that The shutter of the camera remains open, collecting light. The longer you leave the shutter of your camera open to capture light, the brighter the image will be, and the quicker the shutter is opened and closed, the less light will hit the sensor, which will result in a darker image.
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Fig 1.3 Shutter speed, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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If you use a fast shutter speed, you can capture moving subjects or shoot handheld, while, when using long exposures, you can photograph stars, waterfalls, and rivers with the silk effect. (This is motion).
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Fig 1.4 Shutter speed, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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ISO is the amplification of the light captured by the camera sensor.
ISO works in an artificial way to brighten the light in the image that has been already captured through the aperture and shutter speed. So the higher the ISO, the brighter (and more exposed) your image will be, the lower the ISO, the darker it will be.
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Fig 1.5 ISO, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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When you raise the ISO, your camera is 'artificially' increasing the light in the photograph, and this light add-on increases the quantity of 'grain and noise' in your photographs.
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Fig 1.6 ISO, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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From this website
Exposure Triangle
the essential thing is to strike a balance among the three for the exposure (something that’s also known as the exposure triangle). The basic exposure triangle rule is to strike a balance. When the three sides of the triangle are in check, you’ll have the right exposure value (EV), which is normally close to zero.
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Fig 1.7 Exposure Triangle, Week 6 (Nov 2,2023).
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According to this rule, whenever you adjust one of the sides of the triangle, you’ll have to compensate by adjusting either one or two of the other sides. If you have the exposure triangle in balance and the exposure value (EV) is equal to zero, and you want to increase two aperture stops, to maintain balance so that the exposure value (EV) remains zero, you must reduce an ISO stop and a shutter speed stop or two ISO stops or two shutter speed stops.
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Fig 1.8 Exposure Triangle, Week 6 (Nov 2,2023).
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The first exposure triangle setting that you must adjust, in most cases, is the aperture or the shutter speed. The ISO is seldom the first setting you need to adjust; it’s a setting you use to balance your exposure triangle.
- If you want to shoot a still landscape with a large area in focus, you can start by setting a closed aperture like f/11, and then balance the exposure triangle either through shutter speed, ISO, or both.
- If your goal is to photograph the Milky Way or a night landscape, you can start with a wide aperture like f/2.8, a shutter speed of 25 seconds, and then adjust the ISO.
From this website
2. Lens Perspective
A standard lens has a focal length between 35mm and 85mm. They’re called standard or normal lenses because they give a field of view similar to the human eye. The natural field of vision makes the standard lens a popular choice for many photographers. Standard lenses are common among street photographers, travel photographers, and photojournalists.
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Fig 2.1 Standard Lens, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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The focal length of a wide-angle lens is between 14mm and 35mm. They give a wide field of vision, with a more broad scope from side to side. It’s more panoramic than a standard lens, similar to widescreen in cinematography. Wide-angle lenses are essential for serious landscape photographers. This is because the wide angle captures large and spacious scenes. The wide angle stretches the horizon, allowing your camera to view more of the landscape.
A telephoto lens contain many glass elements, which work much like a telescope. A telephoto lens allows the photographer to get close shots of faraway subjects. This specific quality of a telephoto lens makes them popular with sports and wildlife photographers. They can get intimate images of animals in the wild without scaring them or getting in harm’s way.
From this websiteIn the photo above, you can see asymmetrical balance at work. Even though there's no image at the top of the poster, the balance here comes from the amount of negative space in the photo. By limiting the emphasized image to a small part of the picture, the photo maintains its balance.
If you look back at the Jurassic Park poster, all of the black surrounding the central image and the other copy is a negative space. It helps viewers quickly discern what’s important and giving a “room to breathe.” |
Fig 2.2 Wide-Angle Lens, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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Fig 2.3 Telephoto Lens, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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Focal Length
The simplest focal length definition is a description of the distance between the center of a lens and the image sensor when the lens is focused at infinity.
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Fig 2.4 Focal Length, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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When you look at the focal length of a lens and you see a number below 35mm, you know you’re looking at a short focal length. An image taken with a 15mm lens will seem abnormally expansive, taking, for example, an entire landscape with ease.
A lens focal length that’s greater than 50mm is considered a long focal length. This view is narrower than the normal view we’re accustomed to when paying bare attention. Photos taken with a long focal length look more “compressed” and allow you to capture subjects from a farther distance without losing image quality.
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Fig 2.5 Focal Length, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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From this website
Depth of field
Depth of field is the space in the image that is relatively sharp and in focus. It is the distance between the nearest and farthest elements that are sharp and in focus in your photos. large depth of field means that a larger amount of the image is in focus. A shallow depth of field means that a small amount of the image is in focus.
Depth of field and Aperture
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Fig 2.6 Depth of Field and Aperture, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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Depth of Field and Focal Length
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Fig 2.7 Depth of Field and Focal Length, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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From this website
3. DSLR vs Smartphone
DSLR cameras are designed to capture images. Phones are designed to carry out a multitude of functions.
REFERENCE:
Learn Photography
What Is Shutter Speed? - Beginner Friendly Tutorial
Smartphone VS Pro DSLR
VIDEO REFERENCE:
How you can make a DIY photography studio at home
We have 2 bags today week 4 and week 5 in Google Classroom. For the week 4 task, we got to cut out a person and place them in a different setting then give the shadows and reflection to make them look like they belong there and not just get cut out and placed there. Then we gotta do it with our own picture. With this tutorial, we understand how to use:
- Quick Selection Tool
- Layer Mask
- Filters
- Color Correction
Week 6 - F2F Class
POSTER DESIGN
The fundamental principles of design are Emphasis, Balance and Alignment, Contrast, Repetition, Proportion, Movement, and White Space.
1. Emphasis
Before starting on a d, you should ask yourself: what is the first piece of information my audience needs to know? Is it the band? Or the concert venue? What about the day and the cost of attending?
Like the billboards, you see when you drive down the highway. The best ones put the most important information in big, bold letters, or use a related image to capture your attention. But when the type is too small or the images are too cluttered, the advertisement doesn’t work as well.
The movie poster for Jurassic Park is a great example of emphasis. It puts the most important information front and center: from a glance, you know the title and opening date of the movie. But the prominent outline of a skeleton also gives you a pretty good idea of what the movie is going to be about. he
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Fig 1.1 Emphasis, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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Other posters, like this one for Gravity, use movement, space, and contrast to do the same thing.
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Fig 1.2 Emphasis, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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2. Balance and alignment
Every element you place on a page has a weight. The weight can come from color, size, or texture.
Symmetrical design creates balance through equally weighted elements aligned on either side of a center line. On the other hand, Asymmetrical design uses opposite weights (like contrasting one large element with several smaller elements) to create a composition that is not even but still has equilibrium.
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Fig 2.1 Balance and alignment, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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3. Contrast
Contrast is what people mean when they say a design “pops.” It comes away from the page and sticks in your memory. Understanding contrast is incredibly essential because it means the weight and size of your type are balanced.
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Fig 3.1 Contrast, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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As you seek out examples of really strong, effective design, you’ll notice most designs only feature one or two typefaces. That's because contrast can be effectively achieved with two strong fonts (or even one strong typeface in different weights). If you add too many fonts, you dilute and confuse the purpose of your design.an
One of the common ways artists do this is by using contrasting colors close to one another. (These are colors that appear on opposite sides of the color wheel from one another.)
4. Repetition
If you limit yourself to two strong typefaces or three strong colors, you’ll soon find you’ll have to repeat some things. That’s ok! In design, repetition is used to unify and strengthen a design.
A single shape in isolation could be mistaken for a logo, but that same shape in a set of three. Now you're looking at a theme. And that which is repeated is remembered as being consistent with your color palette and brand voice across multiple designs.
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Fig 4.1 Repetition, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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When repetition is used correctly, it creates consistency in a design. As a brand, Target Stores are famous for their use of repetition. They use color repetition to help viewers immediately associate an advertisement with their store. Using the repetition of colors and shapes to reiterate their brand.
5. Proportion
Proportion is the visual size and weight of elements in a composition and how they relate to each other. It often helps to approach your design in sections, instead of as a whole. Proportion can be achieved only if all elements of your design are well-sized and thoughtfully placed. Once you master alignment, balance, and contrast, proportion should emerge organically.
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Fig 5.1 Proportion, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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6. Movement
Movement is controlling the elements in a composition so that the eye is led to move from one to the next and the information is properly communicated to your audience. Movement creates the story or the narrative of your work.
Using movement as a part of your design process has an added benefit: it helps viewers feel connected to what they’re seeing. Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh is an excellent example of movement in action.
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Fig 6.1 Movement, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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In this painting, the swirls of color in the sky carry the viewer's gaze from left to right, which makes you feel like you're experiencing the night breeze. The sweeping lines on the mountains also help to bring your eye to the village.
7. White space
White space is the empty space around the elements in your composition. White space isn’t sitting there doing nothing—it’s creating hierarchy and organization. Our brains naturally associate ample white space around an element with importance and luxury. It’s telling our eyes that objects in one region are grouped separately from objects elsewhere.
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Fig 7.1 White Space, Week 6 (Nov 2, 2023).
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